60 Second Stream Function CFD Model of PHi Mixing
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This computer model simulation illustrates the first minute of development of the circulation cell from initially still water; i.e., when the PHi system is first turned on. As the bubble rises along a centerline to the top, it “drags” water along with it through friction forces (via viscosity). This first cell then migrates between the centerline (left edge) and the wall (right side). The wall can be a real physical wall or a virtual wall created by symmetrical placement of the PHi forming plates. A second bubble is then released, and it can be seen reinforcing, and then merging, with the first cell. This reinforcement action within the
convective mixing cell is analogous to pushing a person on a swing. With the swing, if the “push” is applied at the right time during the cycle, the swing amplitude becomes larger and larger. The same is true with the bubbles; releasing a series of bubbles results in the development of a rapidly rotating toroidal convection cell.

The results above involve computer model simulations which are physics based – they solve the mass, momentum and energy conservation equations; they are as close to realty as one can get short of performing a full experiment (nature never lies). The results shown are in agreement with qualitative video from experiments performed
at the GSEE test facility in Lavergn, TN.